浙江海洋大学学报(人文科学版)

长期以来，我国水路运输合同法律关系始终面临专门性立法缺位的困境，且部门规章《国内水路货物运输规则》的废止使实际承运人在法律规制领域出现制度断层。实际承运人连带责任认定问题是水路货运法律体系中的核心难点，制度性保障缺位不仅弱化了运输链风险分配的确定性，更在实务层面引发托运人权益保障的风险。通过介绍国内水路货物运输中实际承运人制度，梳理了现行法下认定实际承运人承担连带责任的法律困境与现有方式，研究拟从立法完善与司法实践两个维度完善国内水路货运实际承运人制度：立法完善上考虑将国内水路货物运输纳入《中华人民共和国海商法》调整范围；司法实践上正确适用不真正连带责任理论，来厘清实际承运人与承运人的法律责任。

The legal framework for waterway transportation contracts in China has long suffered from the absence of specialized legislation. The repeal of the Domestic Waterway Cargo Transportation Rules, a departmental regulation, has further created a regulatory gap in the legal governance of the actual carrier. The determination of the actual carrier's joint and several liability constitutes a core difficulty in the legal system of waterway cargo transportation. The lack of institutional safeguards not only undermines the certainty of risk allocation along the transportation chain, but also poses practical risks to the protection of shippers' right. By examining the system of the actual carrier in domestic waterway cargo transportation and analyzing the legal predicaments and existing judicial approaches to imposing the actual carrier's joint and several liability under current laws, this study proposes improvements in both legislative and judicial practice. At the legislative level, it suggests incorporating domestic waterway cargo transportation into the scope of the Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China. At the judicial level, the theory of quasi-joint and several liability should be properly applied to clarify the allocation of legal liability between the actual carrier and the contractual carrier.